八年级语文第一次月考试题(第一、五.ppt

* Waiver Decision: 30/8/2003 Article 31bis TRIPS Agreement : 6/12/2005 (first TRIPS amendment) allowing countries with inadequate production facilities to import medicines produced under compulsory license in third countries ... under certain cumbersome conditions Compulsory licenses are controversial but… 1000 United States 600 Europe 300 Japan 1-5 Developing countries Transition Periods Developed countries had 1 year (1/1/1996) Developing countries had 4 additional years (1/1/2000) to apply the TRIPS provisions following date of entry into force (1/1/1995) plus 5 additional years to comply with the TRIPS Agreement provisions on pharmaceutical patents (1/1/2005) In view of special needs of LDCs, they had till 1 January 2006 to apply TRIPS with possible extension to allow them to “create a viable technological base” The Decision of the Council for TRIPS of 29 November 2005 called ‘Extension of the Transition Period Under Article 66.1 For Least-Developed Country Members’ provides under paragraph 1 that: “LDCs shall not be required to apply the provisions of the Agreement, other than Articles 3, 4 and 5, until 1 July 2013, or until such a date on which they cease to be a least-developed country Member, whichever date is earlier.” Par 7 Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health extends till 1/1/2016 for pharmaceutical protection Need to… rebalance innovation incentives and the public interest realize that IPRs will not solve all problems (neither will TK prot) balance public and private rights at the international level promote coherence among different international agreements and FTAs expand civil society participation/consultations in national, regional and international rules setting processes on IPRs focus on implementation of WIPO Development Agenda, link with WTO negotiations implement flexibilities, let IPRs work for you! build on Disclosure of Origin Momentum avoid adopting new IPRs before implementing existing ones carry out cost-benefit analy