四通换向阀泄漏对热泵性能影响实验研究.doc

四通换向阀泄漏对热泵性能影响实验 董建锴，姜益强，姚 杨，宋孟杰 (哈尔滨工业大学 热泵空调技术研究所，哈尔滨 150090,djkheb@163.com) 摘要：为了研究四通换向阀泄漏状态下对热泵机组性能的影响，搭建了泄漏状态下热泵实验台，采用实验研究的方法，进行了四通换向阀正常和泄漏状态下的对比实验，得到了热泵机组吸排气压力和温度、室内机进出风温差以及压缩机耗功等相关实验参数数据。结果表明：在此实验四通阀泄露状态下，四通换向阀的泄漏造成压缩机吸排气压力降低和吸排气温度升高，使得热泵机组向室内的送风温差低至0.9℃，压缩机输入功率为正常状态下的58.6%，严重影响了热泵机组性能。从而为热泵机组的四通阀故障监测和机组性能诊断提供了有益的参考。 关键词：四通换向阀；泄漏，热泵；实验研究 中图分类号：TB65 文献标识码：A Experiment study on the influence of four-way reversing valve leakage on heat pump performance DONG Jian-kai, JIANG Yi-qiang, YAO Yang, SONG Meng-jie (Institute of heat pump and air conditioning of technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China, djkheb@163.com) ABSTRACT: To investigate the heat pump performances at the condition of four-way reversing valve leakage, a test-rig was built by which tests were conducted, and experimental data such as pressure and temperature of compressor suction and discharge, air temperature difference through the indoor coil, and compressor power consumed were measured. The experimental results show that the leakage makes the pressures of compressor suction and discharge declined, the temperatures of compressor suction and discharged increased, the air temperature difference of indoor coil lowered to 0.9℃,and the compressor input power to be only 58.6% of that without leakage, which means the performance of heat pump has been seriously affected by the leakage of four-way reversing valve. The results are helpful to the fault detection of four-way reversing valve and the performance diagnosis of heat pumps. Keywords: four-way reversing valve; leakage; heat pump; experimental study 热泵型空调器兼有制冷和供热2种功能。四通换向阀是实现上述两种工作方式转换的关键部件。通过四通换向阀的换向可以实现制冷循环流动和逆向的制热循环流动。一般情况下，四通换向阀工作性能比较稳定，是空调器中不易发生故障的部件。但在实际使用过程中，换向不良或串气是最常见的故障。随着变频压缩机和变容量压缩机的普及，换向阀的这一故障越来越突出。故障的出现将会导致空调性能的下降，对机组本身造成一定的影响。 四通换向阀厂家主要以空气为介质来测试换向阀的压降及内部泄漏特性，以此来代替在实际热泵系统中的特性。针对四通换向阀特性研究的文献很少。Young[1]和Goldschmidt等[2-3]在对热泵系统效率损失的研究中首次提出了换向阀对系统性能的损失。Damasccno等[4]对35种不同的换向阀进行制冷剂泄漏实验, 实验结果与以空气测试装置进行测试所得的结果进行比较,发现两