航天员心理调适能力训练方法研究航天员心理调适能力训练方法研究.pdf

21 3 V ol. 21 No. 3 2008 6 Space M ed ic ine M ed ical Eng ineer ing un. 2008 航天员心理调适能力训练方法研究* 刘 芳, 吴 斌, 白延强, 景晓路, 王 峻, 吴 萍, 刘兴华, 刘学勇 (, 100094) : 探索适宜于不同压力情境的有效心理调适方法 首先在大学生群体中以压力情境和调 适方法为 变量,以情绪体验情绪生理及行为表现为因变量,进行不同压力情境下不同调适方法效果 的比较研究在研究结果总结分析基础上筛选有效要素整合新方法,运用在航天模拟情境进行有效 性验证最后,在航天员训练中进一步应用验证 大学生群体实验结果显示, 飞镖或速算压力下, 想象放松都有明显降低心率的作用而双重注意刺激只在速算压力条件下能降低心率; 双重注意刺激 组在飞镖竞赛压力条件下的操作水平较其他组差演讲压力条件下, 积极暗示组演讲面部表情得分显 著优于其他组,资源植入具有降低主观焦虑的作用在航天模拟情境下, 想象放松显示出具有缓和焦虑 和提高被试者调节能力的作用在演讲比赛压力条件下, 整合积极资源(积极想象积极 我暗示和资 源植入)组在演讲语音语调语速和整体表现上优于对照组对航天员进行想象放松和整合积极资源 方法训练有效性得到参训者的普遍认可 想象放松能缓解压力焦虑; 整合积极资源能够提升 信 和演讲表现水平 :航天员; 心理调适能力;训练方法 : R85 : A : 1002-0837( 2008) 03-0245-07 R esearch on Tra in ing M ethods f or Psy cho-reg ulating A dap tation A b ility of A stronau tLUI Fang, WU Bin, BA IYan-qiang, J NI G Xai o-lu, WANG Jun, W U Ping, LIU X ing-hua, LUI Xue-yong paceMed- icine Med ica l Eng ineering, 2008, 2 1( 3): 245~ 251 Abstract: Objective To explore the effective psycho-regual tingmethods for situations under different kinds of psycho-pressure. M ethods Firstly, some psycho-regulating methods were conducted on the university students as theywere in speech, da rt and fast ca lculation contests, then their emo- tiona lexperience, reel vant physiologica l indicators and behav iorswere compa red and studied. ec- ond ly, on the basis of summarizing the results and seel cting effective elements, the new methods were integrated and used ni the smi ual ted space environment to be va lidated for its efficei ncy. Thirdly, those methods, proved to be effective in the second step, were applied to the astronauts for furtherva lidation. R esu lts In university student expermi ents, mi ag ni ative relaxation sgi nificantly decreased the HR under the pressure of both speech and dart contests, but dua lattentoi n stmi ual- tion could decrease the HR only in the fast ca lculation contest; under the pressure ofdart