语言学课件Chapter 6 Pragmatics.ppt

Chapter six Pragmatics 6.1 some basic notions 6.1.1 definition 6.1.2 pragmatics and semantics 6.1.3 context 6.2 speech act theory 6.2.1 constatives performatives 6.2.2 speech act theory 言语行为三分说 6.2.3 Searle’s classification of speech acts 6.3 principle of conversation 6.3.1 Cooperative Principle ( CP) 6.3.2 conversational implicature 6.1.1 Definition pragmatics : the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. 研究语言使用者是如何使用句子成功进行交际的 It is a discipline of studying meaning not in isolation, but in context. Pragmatics： the study of the relations between language and context that are basic to an account of language understanding 语用学是对语言和语境之间对于解释语言理解来说是十分基本的那些关系的研究。 Pragmatics： the study of the ability of language users to pair sentences with the context in which they would be appropriate 语用学是对语言使用者把句子和使这些句子得以合适的句子竟相匹配的能力的研究。 Pragmatics： the study of linguistic acts and the contexts in which they are performed 语用学是对语言行为以及实施这些行为的语境所做的研究。 语用学就是语言实用学，研究在特定情景中的特定话语，特别是研究在不同的语言交际环境下如何理解语言和运用语言。 Pragmatics: the scope Deixis: 指示语 Presupposition: 前提 Speech acts: 言语行为 Politeness principle: 礼貌原则 Conversational implicature: 会话含义 Cross-culture communication: 跨文化交际 6.1.2 pragmatics and semantics related but different linguistic studies of meaning both study meaning semantics treats meaning as an abstract, self -contained, intrinsic system, a property attached to language itself, which is not influenced by context. 传统语义学把语义看成是抽象的，内在的，是语言本身的特性，不受语境的影响。因此传统语义学只研究语义的内在特征，不把语义研究置于语境中来考察。 pragmatics studies the meaning in communicative situations. Pragmaticists hold that meaning can not be adequately described without the consideration given to context in which language is used. 语用学研究的是交际过程中语言意义的表达和理解。语用学家认为不把意义放在语境中来考虑就不可能对语义进行充分的描述. The essential distinction between semantics and pragmatics is whether the context of use is considered in the study of meaning. 因此在研究语义时是否考虑语境便成了传统语