中国的产业升级20101103.ppt

我国需要采取什么样的竞争政策和产业政策？ 竞争政策优先，产业政策为辅 建立竞争秩序，币值稳定，开放市场，私人产权，契约自由，承担责任，经济政策连续性 促进自主创新 发挥各种优势 促进企业和劳动力从衰退产业退出 发挥商业成员组织的作用 更多用金融的手段，而非财政的手段 更多自主竞争，自由契约精神，而非强制性产业结构变迁 更多企业家精神，而非政府威权 商业成员组织（Business Membership Organizations） 商会 协会 联合会 企业家俱乐部 企业家论坛 发扬企业家精神 熊彼特：企业家，创新，创造性破坏 柯兹纳: 警觉，企业家发现 三. 展望 谢谢大家！ China will become soon the second largest economy in the world, by overtaking Japan. Brazilian economy is also large. Both countries are members of BRIC countries which will play a much more important role in the world economy. * This is a cummulative chart. Net exports 2008: 2413.49 bn Yuan (18%); Investment: 13361.2 bn Yuan (43.5%); Consumption: 14911 bn Yuan (48.5%) Common critics: Export and FDI contribute to low consumption, high saving and heavy investment in China; ?This is a part of the reason. This is only phenomena. We should ask why people need Chinese goods and why FDI comes to China. On the other side: Saving is a culture in China (part of the reason of low consumption and high saving); saving is also necessary to reduce income vulnerability in life time in low income countries where insurance is underdeveloped. Input-dependent growth, no development, no miracle (Krugman, 1994) However, China is becoming a so called “creative China”. Chinese products further developed based on foreign technologies are often better than the original products. China also built up some competitive advantages. It has comparative advantages, a part of them are on the way of being lost (China adopted very strict new Labor Contract Loan, learnt from Germany and other welfare states. Many factories have to be closed down if they are strictly enforced. Many local governments loose the enforcement). * * * 叶德磊，邓金鹏。全要素生产率是指“生产活动在一定时间内的效率”。是衡量单位总投入的总产量的生产率指标。即总产量与全部要素投入量之比。全要素生产率的增长率常常被视 为科技进步的指标。全要素生产率的来源包括技术进步、组织创新、专业化和生产创新等。产出增长率超出要素投入增长率的部分为全要素生产率（TFP，也称总 和要素生产率）增长率。全要素生产率 全 要素生产率（Total Factor Productivity）又称为“索罗余值”，最早是由美国经济学家罗伯特.索罗（Robert M.Solow）提出，是衡量单位总投入的总产量的生产率指标。即总产量与全部要素投入量