METHODS AND APPROACHES IN TEACHING A FOREIGN - ENGLISH LANGUAGE在一个外国英语语言教学的方法和途径.ppt

Affective-Humanistic Approach Instruction involves much work in pairs and small groups; Class atmosphere is viewed as more important than materials or methods; Peer support and interaction are viewed as a self-realization experience; The teacher is a counselor or facilitator; Affective-Humanistic Approach The teacher should be proficient in the target language and the student’s native language since translation may be used heavily in the initial stages to help students feel at ease; later it is gradually phased out. Comprehension-Based Approach An outgrowth of research in first language acquisition that led some language methodologists to assume that second or foreign language learning is very similar to first language acquisition; e.g., Potovsky 1974; Winitz 1981; Krashen and Terrell 1983) Comprehension-Based Approach Listening comprehension is very important and is viewed as the basic skill that will allow speaking, reading, and writing to develop spontaneously over time, given the right conditions. Learners should begin by listening to meaningful speech and by responding nonverbally in meaningful ways before they produce any language themselves. Comprehension-Based Approach Learners should not speak until they feel ready to do so; this results in better pronunciation than if the learner is forced to speak immediately. Learners progress by being exposed to meaningful input that is just one step beyond their level of competence. Rule learning may help learners monitor what they do, but it will not aid their acquisition or spontaneous use of the target language. Comprehension-Based Approach Error correction is seen as unnecessary and perhaps even counterproductive; the important thing is that the learners can understand and can make themselves understood. If the teacher is not a native (or near-native) speaker, appropriate materials such as audio-tapes and videotapes must be available to provide the appropriate input for the learners. The Communicative Approach