信用证中常用英文词语解释.docx

信用证中常用英文词语解释一. against 在L/C 中的高频率出现及正确理解。　我们常见的against 是介词, 通常意为“反对”( indicating opposite ion) , 例如:　Public opinion was against the Bill. 舆论反对此法案。　The resolution was adopted by a vote of 30 in favor to 4 against it. 议以30 票同意、4 票反对获得通过。　另外还有“用. . . 交换, 用. . . 兑付”之意。如:“the rates against U. S. dollars”中的against 就是指美元兑换率。但在信用证中常出现的against 这个词及词义却另有所指, 一般词典无其释义及相关用法。注意以下两个出现在信用证句中的against 之意, 其意思是凭. . . ”“以. . . ”(“take as the basis ” or meaning of “by”)。而不是“以. . . 为背景”“反对”“对照”“兑换”或其他什么意思。　1. This credit valid until September 17, 2001 in Switzerland for payment available against the presentation of following documents. . . 本信用证在2001年9月17日在瑞土到期前, 凭提交以下单据付款. . . . . .　2. Documents bearing discrepancies must no t be negotiated against guarantee and reserve. 含有不符点的单据凭保函或在保留下不能议付。　3. The payment is available at sight against the following documents. 凭下列单据即期付款。　这里的against 都是“凭. . . 为条件, 以. . . 为前提”( in return for sth. or on condition that) 之意。支付方式中的两个贸易术语“D/A (承兑交单) ”、“D/P (付款交单) ”, 展开后为“Documents against acceptance” “Documents against payment”; 其against 的意思都是“凭承兑单据而交单”“凭付款而交单”之意。以下这句话就是理解上发生错误所致:　The consignment is handed over for disposal against payment by the buyer.　误译: 货物交由买方处置——不用付款。　正译: 货物凭买方付款后, 方可移交其处置。注意以下这样的句子, 不可译错:　We cleaned the room against your coming. 我们把房间打扫干净, 等候您的光临。二. subject to 在同一份信用证中有两种意思, 此概念在审证时必须把握清楚。　This documentary credit is subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1993 Revision) International Chamber of Commerce (publicities on No. 500).　本信用证受《跟单信用证统一惯例》国际商会第500 号出版物(1993 年修订本) 管辖(或约束)。本句话中的subject to 在证中意为“受. . . 约束, 受. . . 管制”。此条款一般在来证的上方或页面的空白处载明, 表明其适用的范围和承担的义务。类似的含义如:　We are subject to the law of the land. 我们受当地法律约束。　以上是一种意思。而同时, 它出现在证内其他一些条款中, 又是何意? 请看下面这个条款。　The certificate of inspect ion would be issued and signed by authorized applicant of L/C before shipment of cargo, whose signature is subject to our final confirmation. 发货前由开证申请人授权开立并签署的检验证书, 其签字须待我方最终确认。　这是一条软条款( the soft clause) , 意在发生对进口人不利的情况时, 限制这份信用证的