加拿大多伦多大学教材 第四章工作分析和工作设计.ppt

第四章 Chapter Four 我们需要知道些什么? 总结工作流分析的要素 描述工作流与组织成功有怎样的联系 定义工作分析的要素，讨论它们对人力资源管理的重要性 讲述为工作分析获取信息的方法 总结工作分析的新趋势. 描述使工作得以高效完成的工作设计方法 识别使工作能够激励员工的工作设计方法 解释组织是怎样运用人类工程学来设计安全的工作的 讨论组织怎样计划以满足工作对脑力的需要. What do I Need to Know? Summarize the elements of work flow analysis. Describe how work flow is related to an organization’s success. Define the elements of a job analysis and discuss their significance for human resource management. Tell how to obtain information for a job analysis. Summarize recent trends in job analysis. Describe methods for designing a job so that it can be done efficiently. Identify approaches to designing a job to make it motivating. Explain how organizations apply ergonomics to design safe jobs. Discuss how organizations can plan for the mental demands of a job. 简 介 工作分析的核心是关键要素和需要考虑的事项 管理者通过 工作流设计 来分析制造产品和提供服务所需完成的各项任务 工作 是一组相关的职责 职位 是一组由一个人完成的职责 Introduction Key elements and their considerations are at the heart of analyzing work. Through the process of work flow design, managers analyze the tasks needed to produce a product or service. A job is a set of related duties. A position is the set of duties performed by one person. 工作流分析 工作流分析确定: 工作过程的产出 工作包含的活动 投入的三大种类: 原始投入 (物资和信息） 设备 人力资源 理想情况下，人们聚集在组织里相互合作，高效地生产期望的产品，为了做到这一点，组织结构应该: 集权 – 权力集中在组织高层的几个人手里 分权－权力在许多人之间分配 Work Flow Analysis Work flow analysis identifies: The outputs of the process The activities involved Three categories of inputs: Raw inputs (materials and information) Equipment Human resources Ideally, the organization’s structure brings together people who must collaborate in order to efficiently produce the desired outputs. The structure may do this in two ways: Centralized – authority is concentrated in a few people at the top of the organization Decentralized – authority is spread among many people 工作－单位活动分析 Developing a Work-Unit Activity Analysis 工作分析 组织必须理解工作要求、理解人 ，并且与之相匹配 工作分析 是获得详细工作信息的过程. 分析工作并理解完成工作需要些什么，为以下的人力资源管理职能提供基础信息: