PETS定语从句小结及练习.doc

定语从句小结及练习 一．定语是限定修饰名词或代词的。 二．可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、冠词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 (1) a white wall （冠词、形容词） (2) our classroom （代词） (3) five boys （数词） (4) a boy school （名词） 注意：特殊 man, woman 这两个名词作定语时，单复数要随后面的名词而定。 a man doctor two men doctors a woman scientist three women scientists There are women police officers, women doctors, teachers, engineers, farmers and so on. (5) The man in the tree came down. (介词短语) (6) I have something to tell you. (不定式) (7) a running machine (现在分词) (8) a polluted river (过去分词) (9) a reading room (动名词) (10) 定语从句 在复合句中，限定修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 A plane is a machine / that can fly. / / which 先行词 关系代词(作主语，不能省） ① 定语从句所修饰的名词叫先行词。 ② 引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that, which, who (宾格whom, 所有格 whose)和关系副词when, where, why 。 ③ 关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。 区别：The fact / that he had not said anything / surprised everybody. The fact / (that) we talked about / is very important. 介词 (一) 关系代词的用法 1. that 主要指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不能省，作宾语可以省。 (1) The noodles / that(或which) were on the table / were delicious. 先行词(物) 关系代词 (主语，指物，不能省) (2) Who is the man / that is reading the newspaper over there? / (主语，指人，不能省) 注意：在who引导的疑问句中为了音调和谐和避免重复，后用that。 (3) That is the best hotel / (that) I know /. (宾语，指物，只能用that，见P5） 2. which只能指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不能省，作宾语可以省。 (1) A chemist’s shop is a shop / which(或that) sells medicine. / (主语） (2) The film / (which或that) we saw last night / is wonderful. (宾语） 3. who，whom，whose 指人，在从句中分别作主语，宾语或定语。whom作宾语可以省。 (1) The boy / who broke the window / is called Tom. (主语） (2) The girl / (whom) we saw yesterday / is Jim’s sister. (宾语） (3) Wei Fang is the student / whose house caught fire last week. / (定语） (4) I live in a room / whose (指物，特殊) window opens to the south. / (定语) (二) 介词 + 关系代词 物 which 介词 + 关系代词 介词的选择要根据定语从句中有关动词的固