BEC测评卷.docx

PART ONEQuestions 1-7? Look at the statements below and the comments on change and management. ? Which section (A, B, C or D) does each statement 1-7 refer to?? For each statement 1-7, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.? You will need to use some of these letters more than once.[A] For over three decades, academics, managers, and consultants, realizing that transforming organizations is difficult, have analyzed the subject. Theyve sung the praises of leaders who communicate vision and walk the talk in order to make change efforts succeed. Theyve sanctified the importance of changing organizational culture and employees attitudes. Theyve teased out the tensions between top-down transformation efforts and participatory approaches to change. Still, studies show that in most organizations, two out of three transformation initiatives fail.[B] Each manager looks at an initiative from his or her viewpoint and, based on personal experience, focuses on different success factors. The experts, too, offer different perspectives. A recent search for books on change and management turned up 6,153 titles, each with a distinct take on the topic. Those ideas have a lot to offer, but taken together, they force companies to tackle many priorities simultaneously, which spreads resources and skills thin.[C] Some of the hard factors that affect a transformation initiative are the time necessary to complete it, the number of people required to execute it, and the financial results that intended actions are expected to achieve. The research shows that change projects fail to get off the ground when companies neglect the hard factors. That doesnt mean that executives can ignore the soft elements; that would be a grave mistake. However, if companies dont pay attention to the hard issues first, transformation programs will break down before the soft elements come into play.[D] Companies assume that the longer an initiative carries on, the more likely it is to fail — the earl