初三宾语从句专项讲解与练习.docx

作动词的宾语（eg: Make sure that no one knows this.） 句法功能 作介词的宾语 作系表结构的宾语 从属连词 that 从属连词whether/if 连接词 连接代词 what,who,whom,whose,which等宾 连接副词when,where,how,why等语 从 主句为一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时态 句 时态 主句为一般现在时或祈使句，从句选用适当的时态 从句表示客观事实或规律时，总是用一般现在时 宾语从句的语序：陈述语序(主句+连接词+主语+谓语) 宾语从句的否定转移 注意事项 不能省略that的情况 动词不定式 宾语从句的简化 疑问词+动词不定式 宾语+宾语补足语 名词或名词短语重点：语序和时态呼应难点：语序和时态呼应；与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状语从句的辨析1.连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。eg. He knew （that） he should work hard.词汇：say, think, tell, that句型：…says/said/thinks/thought/tells/told…(that)…My mother tells me (that) nothing is too difficult if I put my heart into it.Our teacher often tells (that) we should make the best use of time.2．连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”，在口语中多用if。Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.②在介词后：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.. ④discuss后的宾语从句⑤宾语从句前置，置于句首时。词汇：if, whether, ask, wonder, know, …句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether…3．连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.I wonder where he got so much money.【注意】1．由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。eg. I dont know how I should do with the presents. == I dont know how to do with the presents.2．要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Can you tell me who（m） do we have to see?（╳）Can you tell me who（m） we have to see?（ √）The teacher asked the students what they were doing.（思考: what在从句中的成分）陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” → She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. → I asked him where the tickets are. 否定转移三、宾语从句的时态呼应如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来