20 Heat And The First Law Of Thermodynamics英文电子书.pdf

P U Z Z L E R P U Z Z L E R Biting into a hot piece of pizza can be either a pleasant experience or a painful one, depending on how it is done. Eating the crust doesn’t usually cause a prob- lem, but if you get a mouthful of hot cheese, you can be left with a burned palate. Why does it make so much differ- ence whether your mouth touches the crust or the cheese when both are at the same temperature (Charles D. Winters) c h a p t e r Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics C h a p t e r O u t l i n e 20.1 Heat and Internal Energy 20.5 The First Law of 20.2 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat Thermodynamics 20.3 Latent Heat 20.6 Some Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics 20.4 Work and Heat in Thermodynamic Processes 20.7 Energy Transfer Mechanisms 602 20.1 Heat and Internal Energy 603 ntil about 1850, the fields of thermodynamics and mechanics were consid- Uered two distinct branches of science, and the law of conservation of energy seemed to describe only certain kinds of mechanical systems. However, mid–19th century experiments performed by the Englishman James Joule and oth- ers showed that energy may be added to (or removed from) a system either b