电动汽车发展及应用.docVIP

摘 要随着汽车拥有量逐年增加，汽车废气排放及对石油资源的过度消耗所引发的环境、能源问题日益严重。控制汽车废气污染及石油的替代能源已成为亟待解决的课题。因此近几十年来，世界各国政一直努力致力于研究开发和推广使用各种低排放或零排放汽车，以解决空气污染问题。电动车是以电力作为能源、由电动机驱动的机动车辆，电动车是典型的零排放车，是目前最具开发潜力的绿色交通工具。我国电动车的现状 研究低成本高效电池和社会充电系统是今后我国电动汽车的发展趋势。关键词环境保护节能减排低碳经济电动车蓄电池现状趋势Abstract With car ownership is increasing year by year, vehicle emissions and excessive consumption of petroleum resources caused by the environment, energy issues become increasingly serious. Control of vehicle emission pollution and oil alternative energy has become an urgent issue. Therefore, in recent decades, the political world has been working hard to research and development and promote the use of a variety of low-emission or zero emission vehicles, in order to solve the air pollution problem. Electric cars are electricity as an energy source, the motor-driven vehicles, electric vehicles is a typical zero-emission vehicles, is the most potential for development of green transport. The status of electric vehicles in China is: Because the battery limitations and the cost too high to allow production and electric vehicles can not be applied. The electric bike because of low cost, rapid development possible. Of low-cost, high efficiency battery charging system and society in the future development trend of Chinas electric car. Keywords：Environmental Protection，Energy Conservation，Low-carbon Economy，Electric Cars，Storage Battery；Situation ，Tendency 目 录摘 要 I Abstract 1 1 引言 3 1.1 大气污染与汽车排放 3 1.2 时代呼唤零排放 3 2 电动汽车概述 4 2.1 什么是电动车 4 2.2 电动汽车的种类和特点 4 2.3 电动汽车发展史话及发展战略 6 3 电动汽车的组成结构 10 3.1 电动汽车基本结构 10 3.2 电动汽车参数 13 3.3 电动汽车的性能评价 14 4电动汽车心脏的能源系统 15 4.1 电动汽车的能源特点 15 4.2 电动汽车蓄电池 16 4.2.1 蓄电池的容量 16 4.2.2 比能量和比功率 17 4.2.3 电动汽车的循环寿命和主要蓄电池 17 4.3 其他新兴的电动汽车能源系统 19 4.3.1燃料电池 19 4.3.2 超高速飞轮储能技术 20 5 电动汽车的现状及发展趋势 21 5.1电动汽车现状分析 21 5.2电动汽车发展趋势 25 结 论 27 参考文献 28 致 谢 29 1 引言 与汽车排放随着工业化和城市化的推进，汽车废气排放及对石油资源的过度消耗所引发的环境、能源问题也日益严重，已经引起了世界各国的普遍重视。人类面临的最大的环境问题归纳起来有三个方面：大气污染、水资源污染以及生态环境遭受破环。保护人类赖以生存的自然环境，珍惜地球上有限的石油资源是摆在人们面前迫切需要解决的两个重大课题，传统燃油汽车在这两个问