西方经济学名词解释 英文版.doc

第一章 Macroeconomics 宏观经济学 The study of the overall aspects and workings of a national economy, such as income, output, and the interrelationship among diverse economic sectors. 研究国民收入的各方面。 Microeconomics 微观经济学 The study of the operations of the components of a national economy, such as individual firms, households, and consumers. 研究经济中单个因素行为的分析。 GDP 国内生产总值 (Gross Domestic Product) The total market value of all final goods and services produced within the borders of a nation during a specified period. 一国国民在各行业中一年内生产的最终产品和最终服务价值总和。It is often seen as an indicator of the standard of living in a country.Gross Domestic Product＝consumption + investment goods + government purchases + net exports Economic Growth 经济增长 steady growth in the productive capacity of the economy (and so a growth of national income) Real Economic Growth Rate 实际经济增长率 A measure of economic growth from one period to another expressed as a percentage and adjusted for inflation (i.e. expressed in real as opposed to nominal terms). The real economic growth rate is a measure of the rate of change that a nations gross domestic product (GDP) experiences from one year to another. Gross national product (GNP) can also be used if a nations economy is heavily dependent on foreign earnings. The real economic growth rate builds onto the economic growth rate by taking into account the effect that inflation has on the economy. The real economic growth rate is a constant dollar and therefore a more accurate look at the rate of economic growth because the real rate is not distorted by the effects of extreme inflation or deflation. GDP deflator GDP指数 In economics the GDP deflator (implicit price deflator for GDP) is a measure of the change in prices of all new, domestically produced, final goods and services in an economy. GDP stands for gross domestic product the total value of all goods and services produced within that economy during a specified period. Nominal GDP 名义GDP A gross domestic product (GDP) figure that