Update on toll like receptor ligands and allergy Implications for immunotherapy英文电子书.pdf

Update on Toll-like Receptor Ligands and Allergy: Implications for Immunotherapy Anthony A. Horner, MD Corresponding author gens, and 3) the capacity to stimulate innate immunity. Anthony A. Horner, MD Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics and The Sam and Rose However, although the term PAMP has been accepted into Stein Institute for Aging, University of California, San Diego, the vocabulary of immunology, it should be noted that 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0663, La Jolla, CA 92093-0663, USA. PAMPs are not unique to pathogens, as they are also pro- E-mail: ahorner@ucsd.edu duced by microbes that do not cause disease. TLRs have Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2006, 6:395–401 been identified as having an important role in the detec- Current Science Inc. ISSN 1529-7322 tion of PAMPs and in host protection against microbial Copyright © 2006 by Current Science Inc. infections. As a caveat, TLR ligands are not readily pro- duced by mammalian cells under physiologic conditions, but under conditions of tissue inflammation, oxidative Innate responses to microbes are mediated in large part stress, and/or necrosis, molecules with TLR stimulatory via toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize a diverse fam- activities (heat shock proteins, modified RNA and DNA ily of ligands produced by viruses, bacteria, and fungi.