RMP 71 S242 Laser spectroscopy and quantum optics英文电子书.pdf

Laser spectroscopy and quantum optics ¨ T. W. Hansch and H. Walther ¨ ¨ ¨ Sektion Physik der Universitat Munchen and Max-Planck-Insitut fur Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany In this paper the authors discuss recent advances and trends in laser spectroscopy and quantum optics. It is obvious that both are fields that experienced a tremendous development in the last twenty years. Therefore the survey must be incomplete, and only a few highlights are touched on. [S0034-6861(99)04802-3] I. FRONTIERS OF LASER SPECTROSCOPY ode laser amplifiers or injection-seeded wide-stripe la- sers yield substantial average power and can replace Although spectroscopy has taught us most of what we much more costly and complex dye-laser systems. Ar- know about the physics of matter and light, it has re- rays of diode lasers operating at many different wave- peatedly been overshadowed by seemingly more glam- lengths, blue gallium nitride diode lasers, and quantum orous pursuits in physics, only to reemerge with unex- cascade lasers covering the important mid-infrared spec- pected vigor and innovative power. The advent of tral region are further enhancing the arsenal of spectro- widely tunable and highly monochromatic dye lasers scopic tools. around 1970 ushered in a revolution in optical spectros- The generation of harmonics, sum or difference fre- copy that has redefined the purpose and direction of the quencies in nonlinear crystals, which ca