Upper airways reactions to cold air英文电子书.pdf

Upper Airways Reactions to Cold Air Alvaro A. Cruz, MD, and Alkis Togias, MD Corresponding author Cold air–induced rhinitis describes the develop- Alkis Togias, MD Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, ment of nasal symptoms upon exposure to cold weather. National Institutes of Health, 6610 Rockledge Drive, Room 3065, Symptoms are primarily rhinorrhea and nasal congestion, Bethesda, MD 20817-6601, USA. frequently associated with a burning sensation inside the E-mail: togias@niaid.nih.gov nose. This problem becomes accentuated in windy condi- Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2008, 8:111–117 tions. For example, rhinorrhea and nasal congestion are Current Medicine Group LLC ISSN 1529-7322 common during skiing, a condition known as “skier’s Copyright © 2008 by Current Medicine Group LLC nose” [4]. Individuals who report cold-air sensitivity may or may not be atopic. In some people, cold-air exposure may be the only trigger of nasal symptoms. Cold air–induced rhinitis is a common complaint of The prevalence of cold air–induced rhinitis is not well individuals with chronic allergic or nonallergic rhinitis established. In a 1980 to 1981 survey of 912 police ofi- and those with no chronic nasal disease. It is char-