Vaccine prevention of acute otitis media英文电子书.pdf

Vaccine Prevention of Acute Otitis Media David P. Greenberg, MD and Alejandro Hoberman, MD Address develop their first episode of AOM before 6 months of age Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, are more likely to develop recurrent disease [6]. In Division of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, addition to young age, risk factors often associated with Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Room 4B-320, 3705 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2583, USA. frequent episodes of AOM include male gender, race E-mail: greenbd@chplink.chp.edu (eg, Native Americans), genetic predisposition (eg, siblings Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 2001, 1:358–363 with frequent AOM), underlying medical conditions Current Science Inc. ISSN 1529-7322 (eg, cleft palate), low socioeconomic status, daycare atten- Copyright © 2001 by Current Science Inc. dance, exposure to cigarette smoke in the household, and lack of breast feeding [5,6]. The incidence of acute otitis media (AOM) in infants and young children has increased dramatically in recent years in the United States. AOM often follows upper respiratory Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Acute Otitis Media tract infections due to pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus The eustachian tube (ET) protects the middle ear against (PIV). These viruses cause eustachian tube dysfunction that invading organisms by its mucociliary system and secreted is critical to the pathogenesis of AO