Hallmarks of cancer of all cancer cells, all the time英文电子书.pdf

Opinion Hallmarks of cancer: of all cancer cells, all the time? ´ 1 1 1,2 1,2 Sebastien L. Floor , Jacques E. Dumont , Carine Maenhaut and Eric Raspe 1 Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Human Molecular Biology (IRIBHM), Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium 2 Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium In two landmark articles, Hanahan and Weinberg synthe- molecular biology and clinical oncology, to show that sim- sized into one conceptual framework ‘the hallmarks of ple concepts of molecular oncology can account for the cancer’, a massive amount of information describing complexity of cancer disease, but these concepts must be the characteristics of a cancer cell. Although this is neither carefully formulated and combined. the intention nor the belief of the authors, hallmarks are often interpreted as applying to a canonic cancer cell, The concept of a hallmark (see Glossary) or equally to all cells within a cancer. In this article, we Cancers are a family of diseases that can affect any organ of clarify the separate concepts of causes, oncogenic events, the body and which share many features, such as their signal transduction programs, and hallmarks to show origins from normal cells, their proliferation that escapes that there is no unimodal relation between these con- normal tissue constrains, loss of differentiation, and inva- cepts but a complex network of interrelations that vary