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Aerodynamics of cars
Drag reduction
Alessandro Talamelli
Johan Westin
Mekanik/KTH
1
Outline
General remarks on drag of cars
• How to analyse drag
Local origins of drag
• Individual details and their contribution to drag
Ex. Optimisation of Opel Calibra
2
1
Flow around a car
• Car=relatively bluff body
(c =0.25-0.45)
D
• Two types of separation
1) Quasi 2D wakes
2) Longitudinal vortices
• Rear end determines the
wake structure
1) Square back
2) Fast back
3) Notch back
• Underbody flow and wheels
• Interactions – ground effect
3
Drag and Lift
• Drag and lift normally related (lift generates drag)
• Wing theory: Drag = profile drag (form drag + friction
drag) + induced drag (induced drag from wingtip
vortices)
c2 b2
c = k L Λ =
Di
Λ A
plan
• Cars: low aspect ratio (Λ0.4)
• Interaction between tip vortices and the central flow
4
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