Pediatric Cervical Spine英文电子书.pdf

EDUCATION EXHIBIT 539 s c Pediatric Cervical Spine: i h p Normal Anatomy, a r Variants, and Trauma1 G o i d Elizabeth Susan Lustrin, MD ● Sabiha Pinar Karakas, MD a VIRTUAL R JOURNAL A. Orlando Ortiz, MD, MBA ● Jay Cinnamon, MD ● Mauricio Castillo, MD CLUB Kirubahara Vaheesan, MD ● James H. Brown, MD ● Alan S. Diamond, MD FEATURE Karen Black, MD ● Sudha Singh, MD See to discuss your comments and Emergency radiologic evaluation of the pediatric cervical spine can be questions with the challenging because of the confusing appearance of synchondroses, authors online May 27– normal anatomic variants, and injuries that are unique to children. June 13, 2003 . Cervical spine injuries in children are usually seen in the upper cervical CME FEATURE region owing to the unique biomechanics and anatomy of the pediatric cervical spine. Knowledge of the normal embryologic development and See accompanying test at http:// anatomy of the cervical spine is important to avoid mistaking synchon- droses for fractures in the setting of trauma. Familiarity with anatomic /education /rg_cme.html variants is also important for correct image interpretation. These vari- ants include pseudosubluxation, absence of cervical lordosis, wedging of the C3 vertebra, widening of the predental space, prevertebral soft- LEARNING OBJECTIVES tissue widening, intervertebral