语音的基本概念译自CMU sphinx.doc

语音的基本概念--译自CMU sphinx 这是CMU sphinx语音识别系统wiki的第一部分主要是介绍语音的一些基本概念的。我试着翻译了一下。英语水平受限翻译难免出错请各位不吝指点呵呵 Basic concepts of speech 语音的基本概念 Speech is a complex phenomenon. People rarely understand how is it produced and perceived. The naive perception is often that speech is built with words and each word consists of phones. The reality is unfortunately very different. Speech is a dynamic process without clearly distinguished parts. Its always useful to get a sound editor and look into the recording of the speech and listen to it. Here is for example the speech recording in an audio editor. 语音是一个复杂的现象。我们基本上不知道它是如何产生和被感知的。我们最基础的认识就是语音是由单词来构成的然后每个单词是由音素来构成的。但事实与我们的理解大相径庭。语音是一个动态过程不存在很明显的部分划分。通过音频编辑软件去查看一个语音的录音对于理解语音是一个比较有效的方法。下面就是一个录音在音频编辑器里的显示的例子。 All modern descriptions of speech are to some degree probabilistic. That means that there are no certain boundaries between units or between words. Speech to text translation and other applications of speech are never 100 correct. That idea is rather unusual for software developers who usually work with deterministic systems. And it creates a lot of issues specific only to speech technology. 目前关于语音的所有描述说明从某种程度上面讲都是基于概率的基于频谱。这意味着在语音单元或者单词之间并没有确定的边界。语音识别技术没办法到达100的准确率。这个概念对于软件开发者来说有点不可思议因为他们所研究的系统通常都是确定性的。另外对于语音技术来说它会产生很多和语言相关的特定的问题。 Structure of speech 语音的构成 In current practice speech structure is understood as follows: 在本文中我们是按照以下方式去理解语音的构成的 Speech is a continuous audio stream where rather stable states mix with dynamically changed states. In this sequence of states one can define more or less similar classes of sounds or phones. Words are understood to be built of phones but this is certainly not true. The acoustic properties of a waveform corresponding to a phone can vary greatly depending on many factors - phone context speaker style of speech and so on. The so called coarticulation协同发音 makes phones sound very different from their “canonical” representation. Next since transitions between words are more informative than stable regi