大学英语课文翻译答案(新世纪综合教程3).doc

大学英语课文翻译答案(新世纪综合教程) BOOK 3 Unit 1 What is Friendship? Michele E. DoyleMark K. Smith The text is excerpted and adapted from Friendship: Theory and Experience written by Michele E. Doyle Mark K. Smith. It appears in The Encyclopaedia of Informal Education (2002). When we approach the notion of friendship, our first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend. In one setting, we may describe someone as a friend; in another, the label may seem less appropriate. Therefore, people tend to have a very thin understanding of what friendship really means. To help us understand what friendship really means, we need to review some classical views of friendship. 友谊的真谛 米歇尔·E·多伊尔 马克·K·史密斯 我们探讨友谊这个概念时，遇到的第一个问题是，没有社会公认的择友标准。在某一情境下，我们会把某个人称为朋友；然而，情境一旦变迁，朋友这个称呼就显得没那么贴切了。因此，人们对友谊的真谛的理解往往是非常肤浅的。为了帮助我们理解友谊的真正含义，我们需要回顾有关友谊的几种传统的看法。 One classical view of friendship is provided by Aristotle, the famous ancient Greek philosopher. Aristotle distinguishes between what he believes to be genuine friendships and two other forms: one based on mutual usefulness, the other on pleasure. So, according to Aristotle, we may find three kinds of friendship: 一种传统的友谊观在古希腊著名的哲学家亚里士多德的著作里得以阐述。他将自己心目中真正的友谊同另外两种友谊截然分开。这两种友谊分别是：基于互利的友谊；基于愉悦的友谊。因此，根据亚里士多德的观点，我们可以将友谊分为三类：close3RT Friendship based on utility. Utility is an impermanent thing: it changes according to circumstances. When the ground for friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. Friendships of this kind seem to occur most frequently between the elderly, because at their age what they want is not pleasure but utility. Friendships based on utility are also frequently found among those in middle or early life who are pursuing their own advantage. Such persons do not spend much time together, because sometimes they do not even like one another, and therefore feel no need of such an association unless they are mutually useful. They take pleasure in each others company only in so far as they