北师大版高中英语选修八第3讲：Unit22 environmental protect-语法篇（教师版）.docxVIP

Unit 22 Environmental Protection语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、掌握直接引语与间接引语，现在完成时的被动语态，非谓语动词的被动语态。2、灵活运用直接引语与间接引语，现在完成时的被动语态，非谓语动词的被动语态。直接引语与间接引语一、概念引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述语序。例如：直接引语：He said，“I want to have a drink now.”间接引语：He said that he wanted to have a drink then.二、变身方法1.人称变化：口诀：一主二宾三不变。即直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变。1）He said, “I get on well with people here.”→He said that he got on well with people there.2）Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”→Susan said that they could finish the work the next day.3）John said, “Mary went to Beijing three days ago.”→John said that Mary had gone to Beijing three days before.2.时态变化：口诀：主句现在从不变，主句过去从顺延。即如果主句中的谓语动词是现在时,宾语从句中谓语动词的时态可以不变;如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,则从句谓语动词的时态要变为相应的过去时态或过去完成时?1) He said, “ I get up early every morning.” He said that he got up early every morning. (一般现在时→一般过去时)2) She said, “I am working on a homework project.”She said she was working on a homework project. (现在进行时→过去进行时)3) She said, “ I met my friend in the street.”She said that she had met her friend in the street. (一般过去时→过去完成时)注意：在下面几种情况下,从句中谓语动词的时态可以保持不变:1) 直接引语叙述的是科学真理?客观事实?格言等?例如:“The moon moves around the earth,” the teacher said to the students. The teacher told the students that the moon moves around the earth. 2) 直接引语中有明确的不受语境限制的过去时间状语?例如:“John went to Paris by air in 1985,” Jack said. Jack said John went to Paris by air in 1985.3. 状语和指示代词的变化：牢记：this/these→that /those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等。例如：He said, “I haven’t seen her today.”He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.4.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如：He asked me, “Do you like playing football?”He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.5.直接引语是特殊疑问