修辞学_Logical_Figures_of_Speech.ppt

Logical Figures of Speech Allegory a story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a primary of surface meaning, and a secondary or under-the-surface meaning. The implied meaning can be read, understood and interpreted at two levels – the literal level and the political, ethical or religious level. favorably used in moral teaching. a figurative representation of some abstract truth by the use of symbolic language. names of the characters and places are often symbols of certain qualities. closely related to the fable and the parable a total interpretation of different symbols in the story involves both literal and figurative reading, and should be understood in a figurative way Allegory has no determinate length. It can be short as a few words, or as long as a whole passage or a whole novel. Allusion a casual, brief and implicit reference to a famous historical or literary figure or a well-known historical event, which the writer assumes to be familiar to his readers. She sat there all night as silent as the sphinx. Allusions may be used in forms of words, phrases, or sentences. Cinderella, Shylock, cast pearls before swine, the grape is sour. Fairy tales: Cincerella, open sesame, Aladdin and the wonderful lamp, beauty and the beast, the emperor’s new clothes, the ugly duckling. Greek mythology: Achilles’ heel or the heel of Achilles, Apollo, Oedipus, Pandora’s box, Trojan horse, etc. Fables: a dog in the manger, sour grapes, bury one’s head in the sand, pull the chestnuts out of the fire, the boy who cried wolf, belling the cat, the hare and the tortoise, a wolf in sheep’s clothing, The Bible: the tower of Babel, Solomon, Adam and Eve, the tree of knowledge of good and evil, Judas, the lost sheep, etc. English and American literary works: Catch – 22, the ancient mariner and the albatross, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Don Quixote, Pound of flesh, etc. Historical figures: a Wellington, a Homer, a Shakespeare, etc.