修辞学： hyperbole.ppt

Chapter 6 Hyperbole言过其实的夸张 Euphemism含蓄蕴藉的委婉语 Understatement明抑暗扬的低调陈述 Hyperbole 夸张的定义 夸张的修辞效果 夸张的分类 夸张表现形式 Definition（定义） Hyperbole is a figure of speech which deliberately exaggerates truth. It is often used in express one’s strong feeling or violent emotions by remarkable imagination and literary extravagance, for the effect of strong impression, humor, sarcasm，irony, rather than to state a fact in its right perspective. Definition of Hyperbole 夸张是故意夸大事实的一种修辞格。它经常通过非凡的想象和言过其实来抒发强烈的情感和表达深刻的感受。 这里故意夸大事实，是在真实的基础上夸大。夸张具有十分强烈的浪漫主义色彩。它是对现实生活的某些现象进行艺术加工，以强化语言的表现力和感染力。尽管把夸大的事物主观想象的无限扩大，但它是以客观事实为基础的。 Hyperbole Instead of saying in plain language Thank you very much. She is very pretty He laughed heartily. We can express the same ideas or feelings more emphatically by saying: 言过其实是夸张修辞格表述上的特点。但“言过”到什么程度？一般来说，夸张总是到无以复加的地步，也就是把话说到极点，简单地说就是“极言”。 My left let weighs three tons. 我的左腿重千斤。 I almost split my sides at his stories. 听了他讲的故事，我几乎笑破肚皮。 夸张的修辞效果---Effects 1. 增强情感（intensify feelings) 通过夸张增强表达说话者或作者的快乐、优伤、遗憾、喜爱、敬佩、生气、不耐烦、厌恶等多种感情或情绪 Effects Effects Other examples: Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars…. Effects Stand still in Shanghai for two minutes and ten million people will rush at you like pins at magnet. He ran down the avenue, making a noise like ten horses at a gallop. 他沿着林荫大街跑，声音之响，犹如万马奔腾。 Effects 3．Humor and irony（幽默风趣，讽刺嘲弄） Categories(夸张的分类) 1.扩大夸张 这是夸张中最常见的一种，即把表现对象的状态、程度、形象、数量等特征的东西故意往大、高、多、强好等方面去夸张。 He was miles out of his calculation. 他的计算大错特错。 夸张的分类 Everybody was clapping their hands off. 每人都拼命鼓掌。 （每人都把手掌拍掉了。） We were tired to death on reaching the peak. 到山顶时我们都快累死了。 Daisy is clever beyond comparison. 戴西绝顶聪明。 夸张的分类 He has a skeleton of wife. 他的妻子骨瘦如柴。 Life is happiness, each minute might have been an age of happiness. 生活就是幸福，每一分钟都能拥有无穷无尽的幸福。 夸张的分类 2. 缩小夸张 缩小夸张正好与扩大夸张相反，即把表现对象的状态、程度、形象、数量等特征的东西故意往小、低、少、弱、差等方面去夸张。 She was not really afraid of the wild beast, but she did not wish to perform an atom more service t