初中英语语法语态.doc

九、动词语态 知识要点： 概念：语态表示的是动作的主语和宾语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态，分别用来表示主语是行为者还是接受动作者。只有及物动词才有被动语态。 如果主语是行为者，则谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是接受动作者，谓语动词则用被动语态。被动语态中可以省略动作的行为者，如果有必要，则可以通过by引出动作行为者。 如：Your little boy broke my kitchen window this morning. （主动） My kitchen window was broken by your little boy. （被动） Chinese is spoken here. （出于习惯或默认的事实，没必要指出动作的行为者，省略） 一、不同时态的被动语态的构成 1. ?am,?are?,is?+done? 一般现在时 I?am?often?praised?by?the?teachers.?我经常受到老师们的表扬。?2. was/?were?+done? 一般过去时 I?was?asked?to?go?to?Harbin?on?business?yesterday.我昨天被派往哈尔滨出差了。?3. shall/?will?+?done? 一般将来时 The?sports?meeting?will?be?put?off.运动会将被推迟。?4. should/?would?be?+done? 一般过去将来时 He?told?me?that?he?would?be?asked?to?attend?the?opening?ceremony.他告诉我说他将被邀请参加开幕式。5. am/?are/?is+?being?+done 现在进行时 The?new?teaching?building?is?being?built.?新的教学大楼正在修建。6. was/?were?+being?+?done? 过去进行时 My?little?brother?was?being?scolded?by?my?father?when?I?got?home. 我到家时，我小弟弟正在受我父亲的责备。?7. have?/?has?+?been?+done? 现在完成时 This?class?has?been?taught?by?me?for?three?years.?这个班我已经教了三年了。?8. ?had?+?been?+done? 过去完成时 When?I?got?there?,?he?had?been?killed.我到那儿时，他已经被人杀害了。9. shall?/?will?have?been?done? 将来完成时 The?work?will?have?been?finished?by?the?time?I?come?back.?到我回来时此工作将已完成。?10. should?/?would?have?been?done 过去将来完成时 He?said?that?Book?one?would?have?been?finished?by?the?end?of?this?term.他说到本学期末以前第一册书将已学完。 二、情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be+过去分词 This task must be finished in 10 days. 这项工作必须在10天内完成。 1.情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词。例如：? She?should?have?been?criticized?for?her?carelessness?in?the?exam.她在考试中粗心大意，本来应该受到批评。? As?we?have?known,?good?things?can?be?turned?into?bad?things.众所周知，好事也能变成坏事。? 2.have?to?do?,?ought?to?do?,?be?to?do?,?和?be?going?to?do的被动式是把do变成be?done。例如：? This?book?is?going?to?be?finished?next?week.这本书将在下周写完。? This?problem?ought?to?have?been?taken?into?consideration.这个问题本来应该考虑。 三、常用的被动句句型? 1、主语＋get＋过去分词＋其他。? 本句型在口语中用的比较多。其特点是不能和by＋动作的执行者连用。例如：? She?got?killed?in?the?First?World?War.她在第一次世界大战中被杀害。? He?got?dismissed?from?the?facto