NEW-SKULL头颅影像学.ppt

ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPHY (tomography of the mandible) ?S * For #s of the mandible and TM joint. Tube and film attached at starting position, chin rest raised to same level as patient’s chin, chin rested on a sterile bite block, patient as close as possible to the tube stand, chin adjusted until IOML is parallel with the floor, occlusal plane declines 10? from posterior to anterior, patient’s lips placed together, tongue on roof of the mouth. Film: HD 23x30 cm, or curved non-grid cassette CP: Fixed CR and FFD. For TMJ, another film must be done with open mouth. Submentovertex (SMV) (for zygomatic arches) ?B * For #s, neoplastic, or inflammatory processes of the zygomatic arch (usually taken as a soft-tissue technique). Patient supine or erect sitting, chin raised, neck hyperextended till IOML is parallel to film, MSP 90? to couch top. A pillow under patient’s back allows for sufficient extension. Film: HD 18x24 cm CP: Midway between zygomatic arches (4 cm inferior to mandibular symphysis). CR: 90? to film. Oblique inferosuperior Tangential (for zygomatic arches) ?S * For #s, neoplastic, or inflammatory processes of the zygomatic arch. Specially useful in case of depressed zygomatic arches (skull trauma). Patient positioned as for the SMV, head rotated 15? toward side of interest, then chin tilted 15? toward side of interest. Film: HD 18x24 cm CP: Zygomatic arch of interest. CR: 90? to IOML and film. Parieto-orbital (Rhese View) for optic foramina ?S * For bony abnormalities of the optic foramen. Both sides must be done for comparison. Patient prone or erect, chin, cheek, and nose against couch, head adjusted so that the MSP makes 53? with the couch top, the acanthiomeatal line AML makes 90? to the film, a long narrow cone should be used. Film: HD 18x24 cm CP: Downside orbit (7 cm above and 7 cm behind the up EAM). CR: 90? to