概述Introduction to community nursing-社区护理学-课件-01PPT.ppt

Introduction to community health nursing Lily L. Hsu School of Nursing Shanghai Jiao Tong University History of Community Health Nursing ?Before mid 1800s-Early Home Care with focus in Sick and Poor individual. Orientation: curative agencies: lay religious orders *St. Phoebe ? Mid 1800s to 1900-district Nursing with focus in Sick and poor individual Orientation: curative/less in prevention agencies: voluntary some government *William Rathbone History of Community Health Nursing ? 1900-1970 public health nursing- Pubic Health Needs, focus in family and orientation in Curative and Prevention agencies: government some voluntary *Lilliam Wald ?1970 to present-Community Health Nursing, focus in total community and oriented to population health, services address health promotion; illness prevention agencies: many kinds; some independent practice *Ruth Freedman Public Health Nursing Development in China  Early Stages: 1925 Beijing Union Hospital-Public Health Agency (Dr. Gland). 1930 rural Health Education 2000 Pay attention to city and rural areas community center development and practice model 2006-2007 Government emphasize the importance of Community health, improve community health centers, functions, farmer health insurances。 National Health Statistics 现有宫颈癌患者40万人，死亡率达11.30% ；宫颈癌每年新发病例约13.15万 目前的乳腺癌发病率也已经达到了每10万人口35—40。 2007年中国糖尿病人约有3000万。据WHO必威体育精装版数据预测，到2010年中国糖尿病人将达到目前的4倍。 世界卫生组织预测，中国每年确诊的新增结核病例为880万。 National Health Statistics Maternal Mortality Rate 48.3/10万 （2004） Skillful Professional Handle delivery 97％ （2003） Female : male children attending school 1：1，Junior school admission 0.92 （2002） Female children attending elementary school 95.8% (2002) 15－25岁妇女识字率 98％ （2004） Newborn mortality rate 15.4/1000, 2004 1 year old infant death rate：30/1000 （2003） 5 years old children mortality： 37/1000 （2003） The Top Five Major Cause of Death in China Cardiovascular Dis