国际经济法精品教学（华南师范大学）Legal System on Subsidies Counterveiling Measures.pptVIP

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国际经济法精品教学（华南师范大学）Legal System on Subsidies Counterveiling Measures.ppt

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Legal System on Subsidies Countervailing Measures Appellate Body Report on Canada-Automotive Industry Subsidies Measures Textbook p.206 “A. Whether the Measure Constitutes a Subsidy” What is the definition of “subsidy” as provided in Article 1.1 of the SCM Agreement? What is the principle as stated in United States-FSC? Canada argues that the measure is “analogous” to the situation described in footnote 1 to the SCM Agreement. Does the panel accept this argument? Does the Panel accept the argument that the measure is “subsidy” “contingent…in law…upon export performance”? 1. Rules on the Determination of the Existence of Subsidies I. Definition (Art 1 of SCM) It is the final contribution, income or price support by a government or any public body within a territory of a Member to domestic producers and exporters. Subject (补贴的主体) A government or any public body within a Member Beneficiary Object (补贴的对象) Domestic producers or exporters I. Forms (补贴的形式) A government practice involves a direct transfer of funds (e.G. Grants, loans, and equity infusion); Potential direct transfers of funds or liabilities (e.g. Loan guarantees) Forego or do not collect a due government revenue A government provides goods or services, or purchases goods A government makes payments to a agent to carry out above functions Any form of income or price support (1) 政府直接转让资金—如资产注入;潜在资金或债务的直接转移（如贷款担保）;(2)政府对本应征收的财政收入的放弃或不予征收;(3)政府提供货物或服务或购买货物;(4)政府向基金机构拨款，或委托、指令私人机构履行上述的三项功能;(5) 任何形式的收入或价格支持 Governmental Behavior To domestic manufacturers and exporters various forms (legislation, administrative act, monetary support or duty-free) Aim——promote the competitive ability of domestically produced goods in local and international market Effect ——benefit conferred, so as to hinder import and encourage export Specificity (must be restricted) (1)补贴是一种政府行为。(2)补贴的对象主要是国内生产与销售企业。(3)补贴的方式多种多样。 (4)补贴的根本目的是增强有关产品在国内外生产上的竞争力。(5)补贴的结果是国内企业获得利益，从而达到阻碍进口和鼓励出口的效果。 (6)补贴应具有专向性。 2.1 Subsidies v. Countervail