美国刑事司法制度4 criminal justice.pptVIP

4.3 the experience of victims within the criminal justice system 4.5 the role of victim in crime 5. Causes of crime 5.1 classical and positivist theories 5.2 biological explanation 5.3 Psychological explanations 5.4 Sociological explanation 5.5 Women and crime Section III crime, victimization, and criminal bebavior 1. Origins of criminal law 2. Types of crime 3. The crime problem today 4. Crime victimization 5. Causes of crime 1. Origins of criminal law Several theories Rape The very harshness of the word conveys violence, fear, and disgust. A taboo since ancient times, when there was concern about the purity of bloodlines and the theft of property (the value of the woman’s virtue), rape has evolved into a formal offence. Forcible rape is sexual intercourse by a male with a female who is not his wife against her will and under conditions of threat or force. Why does the law label some types of behavior as criminal and not others? What social forces affect the writing of the criminal code? Many young people ask, ”why is it illegal to smoke marijuana but legal to consume alcohol?” 1.1 Expression of social values The consensus theory holds that criminal law reflects widely shared values and beliefs, which was influenced by nineteenth-century french sociologist emile durkheim. The main principles of this model: Law reflects the need for order Law results from a consensus on the values that are widely shared in the society Law is an impartial system that protect the public interest Law provide a neutral means for resolving disputes The law carefully defines what types of acts are criminal. Everyone agrees that human life is treasured and should be protected. So the law condemns those who murder, rape and assault 1.2 Expression of power Conflict theorists say that criminal law is shaped by the dominant social and economic groups in society. Conflict model depicts societies as made up of diverse groups based on race, social class, age and economic level. In this