侵权责任法精品教学（马栩生）债与民事责任的起源及其相互关系.docVIP

【期刊名称】 《法学家》 债与民事责任的起源及其相互关系 【英文标题】 The Origin of Obligation and Civil Liability and their Relationship 【作者】 魏振瀛 【作者单位】 北京大学 【分类】 外国法制史 【中文关键词】 债的起源，责任的起源，债与担保，债与责任的关系 【英文关键词】 Origin of Obligation; Origin of Liability; Obligation and Guarantee; Relationship of Obligation and Liability 【期刊年份】 2013年 【期号】 1 【页码】 115 【摘要】 根据历史资料，民法上的债最早起源于古代西亚地区文明中基于买卖契约和借贷契约的欠物或者欠钱；中国法上的债起源于基于借贷契约和买卖契约的欠钱或者欠物；罗马法上的债起源于具有私犯性质的罚金责任。债与责任关系的发展经历了不同历史时期，表现为五种不同的形态：债务与责任联系；债务与责任融合；债务与责任区别；责任与债结合；责任与债分离。债与责任关系的理论和法律义务与法律责任关系的理论有联系，也有区别。债与责任关系的历史和现状说明，民事责任与其他法律责任既有共同性，又有特殊性。明确债与责任的关系，对于推进我国民事立法科学化和正确司法均有现实意义。 【英文摘要】 Based on the materials of world history, the definition of Obligation in modern civil law originated from the breach of sale contract and loan contract in the ancient western Asian civilized countries; so was the origin of obligation in Chinese Law. However, this definition in Roman law has its origin in the penal institution which in nature is a kind of private delict. The relationship of Obligation and Liability experienced many historic eras in terms of following categories, namely nexus, mixture，distinction, connection and separation. The theory of obli-gation and liability is not only connected with the theory of legal duty and liability, but also differentiates from the later. The historic development and current situation of the relationship of obligation and liability demonstrate that civil liability has not only similarities with other legal liabilities but also has its own special characteristics. It is of great significance to put forward the civil legislation and judiciary decision making by means of demarcating the relationship of obligation and liability. 【全文】 【法宝引证码】 CLI.A.1164493 　　2009年3月在北京大学法学院召开的民法论坛学术讨论会上，一位学者提交的论文中分析认为，债的观念滥觞于人身责任，并指出，将侵权法从债法中独立出去是“忘恩负义”的非历史态度。民法学者通常讲债的起源是讲罗马法上债的起源，而意大利罗马法权威学者们对罗马法上债的起源也存在不同观点。笔者认为，结合罗马法以前一些古文明中债的起源，有助于全面了解债的起源。该问题既涉及对历史事实和债的性质的了解，又关乎今后我国民事立法的走向和民事立法科学化。债的起源与发展和违反债的责任密切关联，从历史发展上分析债与责任的关系，有助于全面认识民事责任乃至法律责任的性质与