项目管理 Project+Time+Management-2.ppt

Gantt charts Developed by Harvey Gantt in 1917, they are another extremely useful tool for creating showing a project network. Gantt charts establish a time-phased network, which links project activities to a project schedule Gantt Charts When they are linked to a project schedule, they can be used to track the progress of the project against its plan. Some of the benefits of Gantt Charts are: they are easy to read and comprehend they identify the project network coupled with the schedule they allow for updating and project control they are useful for assigning resources to tasks they are also easy to create. Gantt Chart Table version Gantt Chart MS Project version Adding Resources to Gantt Charts Critical Path calculation CRASHING PROJECTS – UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS? The initial schedule may be too optimistic. Market needs change and the project is in demand earlier than anticipated. The project has slipped considerably behind schedule. The contractual situation provides even more incentive to avoid schedule slippage. Options for Accelerating Activities Improving the productivity of existing project resources (team meeting to focus efforts on the most important aspect of a task. Review best practice how to do the task.) Changing the working method employed for the activity, usually by altering the technology and types of resources employed (Change from drawing review to CAD model review) Increasing the quantity of project resources, including personnel, plant, and equipment (OT, extra shifts, expedite freight, ...) Caution with requesting (excessive) overtime ! There is research that suggests that the greater the amount of overtime workers are expected to perform, the lower the marginal performance a company is likely to receive from them. For example, it was found that in engineering functions, optimal performance was realized after only four hours of overtime per week. By the time engineers were working 10 hrs of overtime, the marginal real extra output rea