基于特征的图像拼接算法分析研发.doc

摘 要 图像拼接(image mosaics)技术是将一组相互间存在重叠部分的图像序列进行空间匹配对准，经重采样融合后形成一幅包含各图像序列信息的宽视角场景的、完整的、高清晰的新图像的技术。图像拼接是数字图像处理领域的一个重要的研究方向，在摄影测量学、计算机视觉、遥感图像处理、医学图像分析、计算机图形学等领域有着广泛的应用价值。 由于成像系统特性、拍摄角度和时间的不同，以及噪声干扰和遮挡，使图像拼接变得十分困难。按照图像配准的依据不同，图像拼接分为基于特征、基于灰度信息和基于变换域的图像拼接。基于特征的图像拼接不仅不易受光照、旋转等因素影响，而且特征相对像素数量较少，有利于提高速度，因此成为最受关注的一类拼接方法。在本论文中采用一点一线法进行拼接测量。实验结果显示，最终得到的拼接效果良好。 关键词：图像拼接；图像配准；图像融合；一点一线法ABSTRACT Image mosaics is a technology that carries on the spatial matching to a series of image which are overlapped with each other, and finally builds a seamless and high quality image which has high resolution and big eyeshot compared with a single image. Image mosaics is an important research field of image processing, and has widely applications in the fields of photogrammetric, computer vision, remote sensing image processing, medical image analysis, computer graphic and so on. Because of difference of imaging system, point of view, the time as well as noise interference and obstructions, image stitching becomes very difficult. According to the different basis of image registration, image mosaics is divided into feature-based, gray-information-based and transformation-domain based. The feature-based image stitching is not only vulnerable to the light, rotation, but also helpful to increasing efficiency because the number of features is quite fewer than image pixels. Therefore, it become one type of most attended methods. This paper presents a method of one-point and one-line. Experimental results show that the quality of final stitching images is satisfactory. Key Words：Image mosaics; Image registration; Image composition; One-point and One- line (O POL) 目 录 1 引言 1 1.1 图像拼接技术概述 1 1.2 图像拼接技术的研究意义 1 1.3 图像拼接技术的研究现状 2 1.4 本文的研究内容及安排 3 2 图像拼接及其关键技术研究 4 2.1 图像拼接流程 4 2.2 图像的获取 4 2.2.1 CCD摄像机的工作原理 5 2.2.2 面阵CCD传感器的工作原理 5 2.3 图像配准 7 2.3.1 图像配准关键要素 7 2.3.2 图像配准的相似性测度 8 2.3.3 图像配准方法 10 2.4 图像融合 15 3 基于特征的图像拼接算法分析 18 3.1 算法分析 18 3.2 程序流程图 22 3.2.1 主程序main流程图 22 3.2.2 子程序calPosition_oneImage流程图