中庸论语英语简介PPT课件.ppt

中庸论语The Doctrine of the MeanThe Confucian Analects EL111 谢冰玉 中庸 The Doctrine of the Mean The Doctrine of the Mean is another essay in The Book of Rites(《礼记》）.A sister chapter to The Great Lerning（《大学》）,is about the Confucianism philosophy of life.Accoding to the Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty,while The Great learning is a gateway to perfect virtue,The Doctrine of the Mean teaches the ways of the world.Zhongyong or the Mean,a typical Confucian concept,is composed of two Chinese charaters. Zhong means neither too many not too few,neither too much nor too little; and yong means neither outstatnding nor common .Therefore,according to the Confucian scholars,whatever they do and whomever they happen to deal with,people should always adhere to this principle.This is the spirt of the happy medium,which is indeed the highest principle of Confucianism regarding the ways of life.The book,written in the early Han Dynasty,was said to be composed by Zisi,a grandson of Confucius`,and it was later passed down to Mencius.Zhu Xi divided the book into 33 chapters.The first chapter is Pandect （总论）.According to the book,loyalty,filial piety,benevolence and love are all part human nature.Everything will be fine provided people let nature take its course.However,the fact is not everybody can do so.Therefore it is necessary for people to receive education,and try to perfect themselves.If everyone makes strict demands on himself/herself,and dose everything according to the Confucian rites,then the relations between the king and the minister, the father and the son will eventually be harmonized,and the society will go smoothly.This is what is called the Confucian Way of the Heart.Unfortunately this is not easily achieved in the real life.As a result, a new concept cheng or sincerity is put forward in The Doctrine of eh Mean,which is also regarded as part of human nature.If people are always sincere by cultivating themselves.Only this can help them to follwo the righ