产业升级 Measuring Industrial Upgrading.ppt

Measuring Industrial Upgrading through Integration into Global Value Chains: The Case of Mexico’s Denim Apparel Industry By Jonathan A. Fink Palo Alto College San Antonio, Texas Introduction Global Value Chain Theory: Industrialized world buyers govern transnational value/supply chains by transferring tacit knowledge to upstream suppliers situated in LDC’s. Transfer of knowledge and skills places LDC firms on dynamic learning curves and spawns industrial upgrading at both firm and industry level. Purpose of Paper: Part 1: Review past fifteen years of GVC based literature and assess status of the current discourse. Part 2: Replicate a model of industrial upgrading proposed by Kaplinsky Readman (2004) to assess upgrading trajectory of Mexico’s export oriented denim apparel sector 1989-2005. Key Research Question: Has Mexico’s denim apparel industry experienced measurable upgrading over a period in which the industry experienced transformation from maquiladora to full package OEM and OBM manufacturing. Functional Upgrading: Moving up the chain assembly to turn-key/full package Product Upgrading: Higher quality which constitutes higher per unit prices Process Upgrading: Use of efficiency enhancing capital, technology and processes Inter-industry Upgrading: Movement to new industries in higher value added chains Note: Delineation of upgrading types developed by Humphrey Schmitz, 2000; 2001. Measuring Industrial Upgrading: Kaplinsky Readman (2004) Industrial Upgrading: Innovation at the firm level which leads to increase in per unit prices and enhanced market share relative to competitors in same segment of an industry (Kaplinsky Readman 2004; Amighini 2006). Kaplinsky Readman (2004) define possible outcomes for product upgrading or downgrading within an industry. Measuring Upgrading: Kaplinsky Readman’s Product Upgrading Quotient. PUQ = Composite Index number that reflects changes in both unit prices and market share. Equal 50/50 weight