八下直接引语变间接引语.doc

直接引语变间接引语 引用别人的话一般有两种方式，一种是直接述别人的原话，并把它放在引号内，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。间接引语在许多情况下构成宾语从句。 1. 直接引语为陈述句时如何变为间接引语的方法 将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后(that也可省略)。如： He said, “I want to buy a dictionary.” →He said (that) he wanted to buy a dictionary. 注：(1) 若引述动词用的是say to sb这样的句型，则通常改为tell sb： “I hope you can come,” he said to me. →He told me that he hoped I could go. (2) 若直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，要注意在第二个宾语从句前加连词that： He said, “I am tired and I want to have a rest.”→He said that he was tired and that he wanted to have a rest. 在此种情况下，引导第一个宾语从句的that有时可以省略，但引导第二个宾语从句的that通常不省略，以免误解。 2. 直接引语为一般疑问句时如何变为间接引语的方法 将直接引语变为由if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后： “Have you been there?” he asked. →He asked if I had been there. 注：(1) 改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句词序。 (2) 若直接引语的引述动词为say，改成间接引语应将其改为ask等： “Do you like it?” he said. →He asked if [whether] I liked it. 3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句时如何变为间接引语的方法 将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后： He said, “Jim, when is the next train?” →He asked Jim when the next train was. 注：(1) 改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述句词序。 (2) 若直接引语的引述动词为say，改成间接引语应将其改为ask等： He said, “Where is the station?→He asked where the station was.” 4. 直接引语变间接引语的五点变化 (1) 时态的变化。直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即：一般现在时变为一般过去时，一般将来时变为过去将来时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，现在完成时变为过去完成时，一般过去时变为过去完成时(若直接引语为过去完成时，变为间接引语时，可以不变)，情态动词 can, may 等分别变为 could, might 等。如：“It will rain soon,” he said.→He said that it would rain that night. “She can speak French,” he said. →He said that she could speak French. 注： 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。如：The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. ② 有时直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时时态可不变。如：He said, “My son was born in 1995.”→He said that his son was born in 1995. (2) 时间状语的变化。直接引语变间接引语时，有些时间状语也要相应的改动：now 现在 then 那时，当时 today 今天 that day 那天 条件状语从句主要由if或unless引导： 1)??????? if条件句 　 if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是“如果”的意思。 构　　成 条件从句 主　　句 时　　态 If＋一般现在时 主语＋shall/will+动词原形 例　　句 If he comes, he will take us to the zoo. 2)??????? 用法： 　　(1)条件状语从句通常由连词 if 引导，意为“如果、假如”，主句不