国外 计算机课件 Hardware.ppt

Computer Architecture Computer Hardware Electronic Components Electromechanical Devices Software Instruction and data that the computer manipulates to perform various data processing task Block Diagram of Digital Computer Hardware Central Processing Unit(CPU) Arithmetic Logic Unit Registers-Holding data Fetch and Execute Control Circuits Random Acess Memory (RAM) Input Output Processors(IOP) Transfers data between Computer and Outside World. Example :Keyboard,Printers etc Definitions Computer Architecture: Is those Attributes Visible to the Programmer Instruction set Addressing Technique Numbers of bits used for data representation IS THERE A MULTIPLY INSTRUCTION Cont’ Computer Organization Is How Features are Implemeted Control Signals,interfaces,Memory technology IS THERE A HARDWARE MULTIPLY UNIT OR IS IT DONE BY REPEATED ADDITION Central Processing Unit Major Components of CPU Register Set Holds Intermediate data used during Instruction Execution ALU Perform Micro operations for Executing Instructions Control Unit Supervises data transfers among registers Tells ALU which operation to Perform Cont’ General Register Organization Cont’ Bus Organization for seven CPU Registers Output of Each register is Connected to Two Multiplexers(MUX) to form the two buses A B The selection line in MUX select one register or the input data for the particluar bus Cont’ A B form the give input to ALU Operations is Selected in the ALU Result of the micro operation is available in Output data also goes in to the input of all registers Cont’ The register that receives the information from output bus is selected by a decoder Decoder activates one of the register load inputs thus provide a data transfer between the data in the output bus and the inputs of the selected destination register Example –R1-R2+R3 MUX A selector (SELA) Put Content of R2 on bus A MUX B selector (SELB) Put Content of R3 on bus B ALU operation selector(OPR) Perform Arithmetic Addition A+B