Adaptive group consensus in uncertain networked Euler–Lagrange systems under directed topology.pdfVIP

Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-27758-0_1627-2 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Transport of Droplets by Thermal Capillarity a b b Nam-Trung Nguyen *, Zhenjun Jiao and Xiaoyang Huang aQueensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia b School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nathan, Australia Synonyms Thermocapillary actuation Definition Transport of droplets by thermal capillarity is an actuation concept utilizing thermocapillary forces. A temperature gradient across a liquid droplet leads to a difference in surface tensions at both ends of the droplet. The surface tension difference drives the liquid droplet toward the cooler place. Overview Droplet-based microfluidics promises a number of applications for chemical analysis and synthesis. Generally, droplet transport can be achieved by manipulating a droplet’s surface tension. Electrowetting or electrocapillarity is a common method for transport, where electrostatic force changes the contact angles and propels a droplet. Thermocapillarity utilizes the temperature dependency of interfacial tension for transporting a droplet. Temperature field on a solid substrate generated by heaters leads to a temperature gradient across a droplet and consequently a surface tension difference across the two ends of the droplet. The imbalance of surface tension makes the droplet move toward a cooler place. Transport of droplets by thermal capillarity is a coupled problem between heat transfer in a solid substrate and the surface tension-driven motion based on Newton ’s second law. Basic Methodology Transport of a Liquid Droplet in a Transient Temperature Field Transport of a Liquid in a Transient Temperature Field [1, 2] Figure 1 sh