Clinical experience of tolcapone in advanced Parkinson’s disease.pdfVIP

Advanced MRI Techniques in Brain 19 Tumors Stefanos V. Lachanis Brain tumors are a significant health problem. techniques in imaging of brain tumors. The The annual incidence of primary and secondary detailed description of the various techniques is central nervous system neoplasms ranges from beyond the scope of this work. 10 to 17 per 100,000 persons. Imaging plays a significant role in intracra- nial tumor management. Brain tumor treatment 19.1 Perfusion Imaging without the use of neuroimaging is difficult to imagine in the present era. The role of neuro- The association between angiogenesis and tumor imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imag- growth and grading is well established. Perfu- ing (MRI), can be broadly divided into tumor sion methods are indicators of tumor angiogen- diagnosis and classification, treatment planning esis, which is new vessel formation required for and post-treatment assessment and surveillance. tumor growth. There is an increase in vessel Today, imaging is not limited in providing diameter, vessel wall thickness, vessel number anatomic details and evaluating tumor compli- (microvascular density) and altered vascular cations. In addition to conventional MRI tech- permeability in brain tumors. The degree of niques, a variety of advanced MRI techniques vascular proliferation is one of the histologic are currently in clinical use and are the subject criteria for the determination of the degree of of intense research. These advanced techniques malignancy and grade of gliomas. Perfusion provide functional, hemodynamic,