P2 receptor-mediated modulation of neurotransmitter release—an update.pdfVIP

Purinergic Signalling (2007) 3:269–284 DOI 10.1007/s11302-007-9080-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE P2 receptor-mediated modulation of neurotransmitter release—an update Beáta Sperlágh Attila Heinrich Cecilia Csölle Received: 13 July 2007 /Accepted: 28 August 2007 / Published online: 9 October 2007 # Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Presynaptic nerve terminals are equipped with a ENPP ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase number of presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptors, including EJP excitatory junction potential ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors. P2 recep- ENTPDase ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydro- tors serve as modulation sites of transmitter release by ATP lase and other nucleotides released by neuronal activity and EPP end plate potential pathological signals. A wide variety of P2X and P2Y EPSC excitatory postsynaptic current receptors expressed at pre- and postsynaptic sites as well as EPSP excitatory postsynaptic potential in glial cells are involved directly or indirectly in the GABA +-aminobutyric acid modulation of neurotransmitter release. Nucleotides are GPCR G-protein coupled receptor released from synaptic and nonsynaptic sites throughout the IL-1 β interleukin-1 β nervous system and might reach concentrations high enough IPSC inhibitory postsynaptic current to activate these receptors. By providing a fine-tuning LC locus coeruleus mechanism these receptors also offer attractive sites for LPS lipopolysaccharide pharmacotherapy in nervous system diseases. Here we mEPP miniature EPP review the rapidly emerging data on the modulation of mEPSC