(真菌学).pptVIP

MYCOLOGY（真菌学） The fungi are eukaryotic organisms真核细胞型 growing as a mass of branching, interlacing 交错的filaments known as mycelium菌丝体. Among the many thousands of fungi known, only about 300 can cause diseases in humans and animals. plant Bacteria ※Comparison of fungi and bacteria Structure of fungi ※A. Morphology and Structure Unicellular fungi ( yeast 酵母菌) Multicellular fungi (filamentous fungus 丝状菌mold霉菌) Hypha 菌丝: mycelium菌丝体 ( vegetative营养, aerial气中 or reproductive生殖) Spores 孢子: 繁殖结构 sexual spore and asexual spore a) Conidium （分生孢子） : macroconidium, microconidium. b) Thallospore （叶状孢子） : blastospore芽生, chlamydospore厚膜, arthrospore关节 c) Sporangiospore (孢子囊孢子）： Multicellular fungi 链霉菌菌丝 小分生孢子 大分生孢子 two main groups: ※yeasts and molds Yeasts : reproduce by asexual budding 出芽 Molds : a. Hypha b. Spore  asexual cell division or  sexual reproduction Dimorphic fungi 双相性: Several medical important fungi are dimorphic fungi. They are capable of converting from a yeast or yeast-like form to a filamentous form and vice versa 反之亦然， usually exist in the yeast of yeast-like form in a mammalian body and as the filamentous form in the environment or general media.  B. ※Culture ※ Sabouraud culture medium 沙保培养基 optimal pH 4-6 optimal temperature 22-28 ℃ some deep pathogenic fungi need 37 ℃ Aerobic需氧 ※ types of colonies – yeast  filamentous Unicellular fungi(smooth, soft, compact 紧凑) Unicellular fungi Multicellular fungi( floc絮状, villiform绒毛状, dusty飞扬 ) Multicellular fungi Resistance Resistant to dry, sunlight, UV light and many chemicals Sensitive to wet heat D. PATHOGENESIS致病性 Pathogenic fungal infection（浅部感染和深部感染） Opportunistic pathogenic  fungal infection Fungal allergic diseases Mycotoxicosis真菌性中毒 Mycotoxin and tumor 真菌毒素与肿瘤 1. Pathogenic fung