四肢骨〖精品课件〗.ppt

* The bones of limbs  四肢骨 shoulder girdle 上肢带骨 bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨 Composition bones of upper limb 上肢骨 humerus 肱骨 radius 桡骨 ulna 尺骨 The bones of hand 手骨 Carpal 腕骨 Metacarpals 掌骨 Phalanges 指骨 Clavicle 锁骨 Scapula 肩胛骨 1、 Clavicle 锁骨 : position::横架于胸廓前上方。 shape:S-shaped, 内侧2/3突向前,外侧1/3突向后, medial end: sternal end 胸骨端 lateral end: Acromial end肩峰端 Acromial end Sternal end (1). a. Superior border 上缘: Coracoid process 喙突, 2. Scapula 肩胛骨 b. Lateral (axillary) border 外侧 缘: c. Medial (vertebral) border 内侧缘 (1) Three borders Superior angle 上角: opposite to the 2nd rib Inferior angle 下角: opposite to the 7th rib or 7th intercostals space Lateral angle 外侧角: Supraglenoid tubercles 盂上结节 infraglenoid tubercles 盂下结节 Glenoid cavity 关节盂 : articulates with head of humerus (2) Three angles (3)Two surfaces Anterior surface : subscapular fossa 肩胛下窝 Posterior surface ― Spine of scapula 肩胛冈 Acromion 肩峰 supraspinous fossa 冈上窝 infraspinous fossa 冈下窝 (二)自由上肢骨 1、 Humerus 肱骨 :located in the upper arm head of humerus 肱骨头 Lesser tubercle 小结节 Medial epicondyle内上髁 capitulum of humerus 肱骨小头 Radial fossa桡窝 Intertubercular sulcus 结节间沟 Deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆 Surgical neck外科颈 Trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车 Greater tubercle 大结节 The anterior review of humerus (二)自由上肢骨 head of humerus 肱骨头 Surgical neck 外科颈 Sulcus for radial nerve 桡神经沟 Lateral epicondle外上髁 Olecranon fossa鹰嘴窝 Sulcus for ulnar nerve尺神经沟 Trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车 The posterior review of humerus Radius Upper end: head of radius 桡骨头, neck of radius 桡骨颈, radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆, articular circumference 环状关节面 Shaft:interosseous border 骨间缘 Lower end: styloid process 茎突 ulnar notch 尺切迹 carpal articular