北京地铁站灰尘中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价.pdf

中国环境科学 2011,31(6) ：944~950 China Environmental Science 北京地铁站灰尘中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价 1,2 2 2 1,2 2 3 1∗ 杨孝智 ,陈 扬 ,徐殿斗 ,贺婷婷 ,马玲玲 ,李 杰 ,聂长明 (1.南华大学化学化工学院,湖南 衡阳 421001 ；2. 中国科学院高能物理研究所,核分析重点实验室,北京 100049 ；3.上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海 200072) 摘要：采集了北京地铁 16 个站点灰尘的样本,测定了灰尘中 7 种重金属 Cr、Cd、Cu、Ni 、Hg 、Pb 、As 的浓度,并采用地累积指数法、美 国EPA 风险评价模型和 Spearman 相关系数分析,对重金属污染程度、人体健康风险及来源进行分析.结果表明, Cr、Cd、Cu 、Ni 、Hg 、Pb 、 As 的含量分别为 131.92,1.11,67.33,41.77,0.35,437.41,9.09mg/kg,均超过北京土壤背景值.地累积指数呈现 PbHgCdCrCuNiAs,其中 Pb 、Hg 、Cd 分别为 3.77,3.12,2.16,达到严重污染.人体健康风险评价表明,存在的非致癌风险依次为 PbCrAsNiCuHgCd,除 Pb 外,均 不构成明显的风险.Cr、Cd、Ni 、As 致癌风险均低于风险阈值,不会对人体造成健康危害.人类活动、刹车系统和轨道摩擦可能是造成地铁 站灰尘重金属来源的原因. 关键词：北京地铁站；灰尘；重金属；地累积指数；健康风险评价 中图分类号：X513 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2011)06-0944-07 Characteristics of heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment in subway dust in Beijing. YANG Xiao-zhi 1,2, CHEN Yang2 2 1,2 2 3 1∗ , XU Dian-dou , HE Ting-ting , MA Ling-ling , Li Jie , NIE Chang-ming (1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China ；2.Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ；3.College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China). China Environmental Science, 2011,31(6) ： 944~950 Abstract ：The aims of this study were to examine the concentrations of heavy metal in areas within the Beijing metropolitan subway network A total of 16 subway stations were selected. The contents of 7 trace heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, As and Hg were determined. Their pollution degree,health risk and source were analyzed by using the index of geoaccumul