几种中子闪烁探测器性能比较研究.doc

毕业设计（论文） 题 目 几种中子闪烁探测器性能比较研究 英文题 Several Comparative Study of Neutron Organic Scintillation Detector Performance 学生姓名 专 业 核工程与核技术 班 级 指导教师 二零一一年六月 摘 要 自30年代末发现了中子轰击铀原子核能引起核的分裂，人类开始利用原子能以来，中子探测就占有者特殊的地位。近年来中子活化分析、中子测井探矿、中子辐射育种和中子致癌等技术有了很大发展。这些工作都要涉及中子的测量。 可用于中子探测的闪烁材料种类繁多，按探测器的工作机理分类，可分成气体电离探测器、半导体探测器、闪烁探测器及自给能探测器。其中闪烁探测器中子探测效率高、脉冲衰减快，易用于高计数率场合在中子探测及中子测谱中有很重要的地位。本文在对中子探测技术以及有机闪烁体探测器进行研究和分析的基础上对目前中子探测中常用的有机闪烁探测器进行介绍，对其性能进行研究比较进而了解其特性及原理。 关键词：中子； 有机闪烁探测器； 中子探测 ABSTRACT Since th e end of the 30s finding with using neutrons collide uranium nucleus can cause of the division of nucleus, humans began to use atomic energy, neutron detection is ownership special position. In recent years the neutron activation analysis, neutron log prospecting, neutron radiation breeding and neutron carcinogenic technology had the very big development.All of these works will involve neutron measurement. There are a lot of flashing materials which can be used for neutron detection,and they can be divided into gas ionization detectors,semiconductor detectors,scintillation detectors and self-sufficiency detector according to the working mechanism of the detector.Scintillation detector has a high neutron detection efficiency,pulse decay fast,and has a easy occasion for the high count rate,also it has a very important role in neutron detection and neutron spectrum.This article is about organic scintillation detectors which are used to neutron detection on the neutron detection technology and the research of the organic scintillation detector. Keyword：neutron；organic scintillation detectors；neutron detection目 录 绪 论 1 1.1 课题背景 1 1.2 目前研究现状和发展趋势 1 2 中子与中子探测原理 3 2.1中子与中子源 3 2.2 中子探测的基本原理 4 2.2.1 核反应法 4 2.2.2 核反冲法 4 2.2.3 核裂变法 4 2.2.4 活化法 5 2.3 中子探测器 5 2.3.1 慢中子探测器 5 2