基于单片机的模糊控制交通灯的设计.doc

摘 要 　　随着经济发展，汽车数量急剧增加，城市道路日渐拥挤，交通拥塞已成为一个国际性的问题。通常情况下，交通信号灯控制器存在着缺陷：车道放行车辆时，时间设定相同且固定，十字路口经常出现主车道车辆多，放行时间短，车流无法在规定时间内通过，而副车道车辆少，放行时间明显过长等。因此,设计可靠、安全、便捷的多功能交通灯控制系统有极大的必要性。 　　针对当前城市交通系统中的被控对象具有较大的随机性和偶然性，引入了不需要建立精确数学模型的模糊控制。根据十字路口车辆计数传感器测得车辆的多少，由模糊控制器确定各路口红、绿灯延长时间。较好地解决了交通流量不均衡、不稳定所带来的车辆延误等问题，提高了道路的通行能力。 　　一般的交通信号控制是设定了固定的时间来控制交通灯，而模糊控制交通器是总结交通警察指挥交通的经验，通过单片机用软件来实现实时控制交通灯。模糊控制具有很好的应用前景，模糊控制不仅适用于小规模线性单变量系统，而且逐渐向大规模、非线性复杂系统扩展，模糊控制特别适用于不确定性的复杂对象模型。模糊交通控制器的研究和应用在现代交通控制领域中有着重要的地位和意义。 关键词：模糊控制；交通灯；车辆计数传感器；车流量 Abstract Along with the economic development, automobile quantity sharp growth, the urban road crowds day after day, the pounding of traffic has become an international question. Usually in the situation, the street-traffic control lights controller has the flaw: When the traffic lane allows to pass the vehicles, the time setting is the same and is fixed, the intersection presents the main traffic lane vehicles to be many frequently, allows to pass the time to be short, the stream of vehicles is unable in the scheduled time to pass, but the vice-traffic lane vehicles are few, allows to pass the time obviously long and so on. Therefore, the design reliable, safe, the convenient multi-purpose traffic light control system has the enormous necessity. Has the big randomness and fortuitousness in view of the current municipal transportation systems in controlled plant, introduced has not needed to establish the precise mathematical model the fuzzy control. Obtains vehicles how many according to the intersection vehicles counting sensor, determines each group lipstick, the green light extension of time by the fuzzy controller. Has solved questions well and so on vehicles delay which the traffic flow imbalanced, does not stabilize brings, sharpened paths traveling capability. The traffic signal control generally established the fixed time to control the traffic light, but the fuzzy control transportation was summarizes traffic police to direct the traffic the experience, reali