Lecture 9 polysemy 汉英翻译 教学课件.ppt

1) Her left foot hurt badly when she finally walked to the foot of the mountain. 2) A: Where is Washington? B: He is dead． A: I mean the capital of the United States． B: They invested it all in Europe． 3) We must all hang together，or assuredly we shall all hang separately. (Benjamin Franklin) 4) Sports Illustrated can be bought for 1 dollar or 35 million dollars. 5) A: Every river is a millionaire. B: Why? A: Because they all have two banks. polysemy and meaning extension polysemy meaning extension Definitions of polysemy (一词多义) 1: The co-existence of several meanings in a word is called polysemy. 2: Polysemy means a single word having several or many meanings. Polysemy can be used to achieve humor, irony, or a dramatic effect. English, like any other language, is full of polysemic words. Question: What should a translator take into account when translating polysemic words? To translate polysemic words, the translator should first make clear of the sentence structure before selecting and deciding on the right meaning. 翻译多义词首先要弄清原句结构，再选择和确定词义。 通常从两方面入手： １）判明该词在句中的词类（decide on the part of speech of the word） ２）根据上下文和句中搭配（make good use of its context and collocation） Examples: (1) He likes mathematics more than physics. (2) Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. 相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。 (3) Like knows like. 英雄惜英雄。 like (1): 喜欢(verb);(2)相同的(adjective);(3)同类的人或物(noun) 有时同一个词，同一种词性，在不同场合也有不同含义。这时，必须根据上下文，词的搭配，以及句型来确定这个词的含义。 1) He is the last man to come. 他是最后来的。 2) He is the last man to do it. 他决不会做那种事。 3) He is the last man for such a job. 他最不配干这个工作。 4) He should be the last (man) to blame. 怎么也不该怪他。 5) This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 我怎么也没想到会在这里见到你。 6) I hope I’ve seen the last of her. 我希望今后永远不再见到她。 1) Jerry has a good head for maths. 杰瑞很有数学天才（天分，头脑）。 2) Heads or tails?/ Heads I win, tails you lose. 正面还是反面？/反正我赢定了。 3) Prick with the head of a needle. 用针尖挑/刺。 4) The old couple raised 20 he