Lecture07 Mencius Sept 20 Chinese Philosophy Lectures杜兰大学中国哲学课堂教学PPT.ppt

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Lecture07 Mencius Sept 20 Chinese Philosophy Lectures杜兰大学中国哲学课堂教学PPT.ppt

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Lecture07 Mencius Sept 20 Chinese Philosophy Lectures杜兰大学中国哲学课堂教学PPT

PHIL 2931 Mencius (III) Schedule Political Philosophy Mind and Heaven Change of Political Leaders (Democracy?) 7B: 14 1B: 8 7B: 14 (Comics p. 103) 1. Mencius said, The people are the most important element in a nation; the spirits of the land and grain are the next; the sovereign is the lightest. 2. Therefore to gain the peasantry is the way to become sovereign; to gain the sovereign is the way to become a prince of a State; to gain the prince of a State is the way to become a great officer. 7B: 14 3. When a prince endangers the altars of the spirits of the land and grain, he is changed, and another appointed in his place. 4. When the sacrificial victims have been perfect, the millet in its vessels all pure, and the sacrifices offered at their proper seasons, if yet there ensue drought, or the waters overflow, the spirits of the land and grain are changed, and others appointed in their place. 1B: 8 (Comics p. 21) 1. The king Hsüan of Ch? asked, saying, Was it so, that Tang banished Chieh, and that king W? smote Chau? Mencius replied, It is so in the records. 2. The king said, May a minister then put his sovereign to death? 3. Mencius said, He who outrages the benevolence proper to his nature, is called a robber; he who outrages righteousness, is called a ruffian. The robber and ruffian we call a mere fellow. I have heard of the cutting off of the fellow Chau, but I have not heard of the putting a sovereign to death, in his case. Political leaders, Human nature and Heaven 5A: 5 6A: 16 7B: 33 5A: 5 1. Wan Chang said, Was it the case that Yao gave the throne to Shun? Mencius said, No. The sovereign cannot give the throne to another. 2. Yes;-- but Shun had the throne. Who gave it to him? Heaven gave it to him, was the answer. 3. Heaven gave it to him:-- did Heaven confer its appointment on him with specific injunctions? 4. Mencius replied, No. Heaven does not speak. It simply showed its will by his personal conduct and his conduct of affairs. 5A: 5 5. It showed its