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Lecture22 Sung Ming Confucianism Nov 22 Chinese Philosophy Lectures杜兰大学中国哲学课堂教学PPT
PHIL 2931 Chinese Philosophy Sung-Ming Confucianism 北宋 Northern Song Dynasty 960–1127 南宋 Southern Song Dynasty 1127–1279 明 Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 Background Mainly as a reply to the challenges from Buddhism (Zen) and Taoism (Neo-Taoism) It absorbs a lot of ideas from Buddhism and Taoism as well. Since both Buddhism and Taoism are also religions, the reply from Sung-Ming Confucianism also focuses on religious/ metaphysics/ ontology (Doctrine of Mean) Comparatively, Sung-Ming Confucianism does not focus much on social and political philosophy. (Inner Sage to Outer King) (Great Learning) Influences A practical outcome: Confucianism (Especially teaching from Chu Hsi) becomes the official school of thought in China again (people has to take a civil exam on the Four Books in order to work in government) And Buddhism and Daoism are comparatively weak in China. However, as Sung-Ming Confucianism has not emphasized on social and political problems, it does not provide any significant solution to social problems. Therefore, since the late Qing Dynasty (around after 1840), Chinese philosophy (indeed, the whole Chinese culture) enters into the third stage. How many schools? “Sung-Ming Confucianism” is a name we use nowadays. (Obviously!) In that time, they usually call themselves Tao Hsueh Chia 道學家 (Scholars of Tao) We usually consider that there are two sub-schools: The school of Ideas (better: Principle) 理學 and the school of (Universal) Mind 心學 Alternatives? But scholars disagree on this traditional division. Mou Zongsan (1909-1995) thinks that there are three schools. Lao Sze-Kwang (1927 - ) thinks that there is only one school, but simply in three different stages. An open topic in the history of Chinese philosophy. People Chou Tun-I 周敦頤 (1017-1073 AD) Shao Yung 邵雍 (1012-1077AD) Chang Tsai 張載 (1020-1077AD) Ch’eng Hao 程顥 (1032-1085) and Ch’eng I 程頤 (1033-1107) Chu Hsi 朱熹 (1130-1200) Lu Chiu-yuan 陸九淵 (1139-1193) Wang Yang-Ming 王陽明 (1472-1523) Pre-Sung-Ming Confucianis
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