Sustainable Development – what’s in a name environment and sustainable development 教学课件.ppt

Sustainable Development– what’s in a name? René Kemp UNU-MERIT Phd Programme Innovation Studies and Development (2006-2007) Harris Prior to the second half of the twentieth century, the idea of development as we know it today barely existed Economic growth became the original development model, asking for structural adjustment in developing countries But such policies failed to provide basic needs to all and created many problems in themselves This led to the notion of SD Sustainable development Was the central term of the WCED (1987) report Our common future Sustainable development came to be formulated as a different kind of growth, one that is not harmful to the environment and brings wealth to people all over the world In this meaning sustainable development is about conservation rather than preservation Principle-based approaches Non-declining natural capital (daly) or non-declining welfare (Solow) Avoiding over-exploitation of renewable resource systems, maintenance of biodiversity, atmospheric stability Distributional equity, adequate provision of social services Political accountability and participation Gibson’s principles of SD Human-ecological systems integrity: Build human-ecological relations to maintain the integrity of biophysical systems in order to maintain the irreplaceable life support functions upon which human well-being depends. Sufficiency and opportunity: Ensure that everyone has enough for a decent life and that everyone has opportunities to seek improvements in ways that do not compromise future generations possibilities for sufficiency and opportunity. Equity: Ensure that sufficiency and effective choices for all are pursued in ways that reduce dangerous gaps in sufficiency and opportunity (and health, security, social recognition, political influence, etc.) between the rich and the poor. Efficiency and throughput reduction: Provide a larger base for ensuring sustainable livelihoods for all which reduci